Libros sobre INVESTIGACIÓN

Covering all aspects of this field, this volume also critically discusses recent results obtained with the use of nitroxides, while providing an analysis of future developments. Written by a group of scientists with long-term experience in investigating the chemistry, physicochemistry, biochemistry and biophysics of nitroxides, the book is not intended as an exhaustive survey of each topic, but rather a discussion of their theoretical and experimental background, as well as recent advances. The first four chapters expound the general theoretical and experimental background and the advantages of modern ESR technique. Chapter 5 focuses on fundamentals and recent results in the preparation and basic chemical properties, while the next two chapters briefly outline principles and current results in nitroxides as spin probes, and as redox probes and spin traps. These chapters form the basis for the subsequent more detailed studies of nitroxides in physicochemistry, while the final chapters concentrate on the advantages of magnetic materials on the basis of nitroxides. Finally, the concluding chapter considers the rapidly developing field of biomedical, therapeutic and clinical applications. With more than 1.100 references to essential literature, this volume provides fundamental knowledge of instrumentation, data interpretation, capacity and recent advantages of nitroxide applications, allowing readers to understand how nitroxides can help them in solving their own problems.

The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries. Advanced Semantic Web technologies are now enabling a wide range of tasks of central importance to the management of life science information. This book introduces these technologies to life science and bioinformatics professionals, illustrating their utility and highlighting their implementation in biological, medical and clinical scenarios. In six parts the book covers the topics of database and literature integration, knowledge representation, knowledge visualization, the utilization of formal knowledge representations, and access to distributed knowledge. The factors impacting on the establishment of the semantic web in life science and the legal challenges that will impact on its proliferation are addressed in the concluding part.

There has been a consistent interest in ethical issues arising in the context of HIV research. Ongoing international and multi-site studies and the continuing search for an HIV vaccine continue to prompt examination of how this research is conducted, how participants are engaged in the studies, and the obligations of the researchers to individual participants and their communities during the course of and following the conclusion of the research. Each chapter is authored primarily by one of the editors (secondarily by the other) and is accompanied by one to two case studies. Each case study has been authored by an HIV/AIDS researcher with experience in the subject matter of the chapter. The case studies will focus on an actual ethical dilemma encountered by the researcher, with suggestions on how it can be resolved. Each chapter addresses relevant issues and emphasizes particular ethical principles.

This fascinating book illustrates the complex relationship between gender and research. The authors use concrete examples and draw upon their own gendered experiences by including mini-case studies from research projects in areas such as childhood studies, health care and education.

Vitamin A is a generic term for a large number of related compounds. Retinol (an alcohol) and retinal (an aldehyde) are often referred to as preformed vitamin A. Retinal can be converted by the body to retinoic acid, the form of vitamin A known to affect gene transcription. This book presents important research in the related field.

Chemical synapses are specialised junctions through which cells of the nervous system signal to one another and to non-neuronal cells such as muscles or glands. A chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction. This book presents the research trands in this field.

This volume in the Blue Books of Neurology series provides you with rapid access to practical, clinical guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of all forms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and many others. Organized by the most common neurodegenerative diseases, it reflects new insights regarding commonalities among the neurodegenerative diseases, and clusters them according to their dominant molecular pathologic signatures, so you can best treat any dementia you see.Differentiate among various forms of dementia and provide the appropriate management strategy. Correlate neuroimaging with neuropsychological testing to form more accurate diagnoses.Administer the latest approved drugs to improve your patients' brain function.A new two-color design and full-color images throughout helps you access information more easily.New chapters and new authors help you incorporate the latest information and fresh perspectives into your practice.

Written for graduate-level students and faculty in health care science disciplines, this handbook will help integrate the findings in reports of primary qualitative studies as well as extrapolate the methods and techniques used to create a qualitative research synthesis. Using reports of studies in two domains of research and across behavior, social science, and practice disciplines, this handbook helps: ? Locate qualitative research synthesis in qualitative research, research synthesis, research utilization, and evidence-based practice ? Locate the qualitative research synthesis enterprise in reading and writing practices ? Differentiate qualitative research synthesis from other forms of inquiry ? Formulate significant research problems and purposes for a qualitative research synthesis study ? Design credible qualitative research synthesis studies that fit available resources ? Conduct comprehensive searches for primary qualitative research.

About the limits on research involving human subjects.

Informed consent is a central topic in contemporary biomedical ethics. Yet attempts to set defensible and feasible standards for consenting have led to persistent difficulties. In 'Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics' Neil Manson and Onora O'Neill set debates about informed consent in medicine and research in a fresh light. They show why informed consent cannot be fully specific or fully explicit, and why more specific consent is not always ethically better. They argue that consent needs distinctive communicative transactions, by which other obligations, prohibitions, and rights can be waived or set aside in controlled and specific ways. Their book offers a coherent, wide-ranging and practical account of the role of consent in biomedicine which will be valuable to readers working in a range of areas in bioethics, medicine and law.

'Reading Research' is the ideal tool for anyone new to research or perhaps intimidated by the subject. Perfect for students or anyone with an interest in health sciences research, this easy-to-use guide introduces the essential elements of research and helps to bridge the gap between investigation and practice. Reading Research includes the basic steps for understanding and assessing research articles, and how research results are ultimately incorporated into clinical practice. Designed to address both qualitative and quantitative research, the authors' user-friendly approach provides advice on easier research access through clinical practice guidelines, meta-analysis and systematic reviews. Concise overview of health sciences-related research. Beginner-level introduction of the basics of research, both qualitative and quantitative. Easy to read conversational style. Helpful, succinct tips. An accompanying web site provides up-to-date web links for relevant research projects and other research-related sites, and offers Reader's Companion Worksheets for download. Improved balance in coverage of qualitative and quantitative research. A new section on determining the quality of sources and academic rigor. A new section on clinical practice guidelines. A new glossary of terms. Reading research now discussed in terms of reading for both professional and personal interest.

Today, mathematics, biology, medicine, and statistics are closing the interdisciplinary gap in an unprecedented way and many of the important unanswered questions now emerge at the interface of these disciplines. Now in its Second Edition, this user-friendly guide on biostatistics focuses on the proper use and interpretation of statistical methods. This textbook does not require extensive background in mathematics, making it user-friendly for all students in the public health sciences field. Instead of highlighting derivations of formulas, the authors provide rationales for the formulas, allowing students to grasp a better understanding of the link between biology and statistics. The material on life tables and survival analysis allows students to better understand the recent literature in the health field, particularly in the study of chronic disease treatment. 'Biostatistics' now includes a companion website to demonstrate the different applications of computer packages for performing the various analyses presented in this text.

Provides students and practitioners with a clear, concise introduction to the statistics they will come across in their regular reading of clinical papers. Written by three experts with wide teaching and consulting experience, Medical Statistics: A Textbook for the Health Sciences, Fourth Edition: Assumes no prior knowledge of statistics Covers all essential statistical methods Completely revised, updated and expanded Includes numerous examples and exercises on the interpretation of the statistics in papers published in medical journals.

In recent years many introductory textbooks on clinical trial methodology have been published, some of which are excellent, in addition to a very extensive specialist literature. Nevertheless, here is a new book on methods and issues in clinical research. The objectives can be summarized in three points. 1. Integrate medical and statistical components of clinical research. 2. Do justice to the operational and practical requirements of clinical research. 3. Give space to the ethical implications of methodological issues in clinical research. The scope of clinical research is to evaluate the effect of a treatment on the evolution of a disease in the human species. The treatment can be pharmacological, surgical, psychological/behavioral or organizational/logistic. The disease, intended as an impairment of a state of well-being or a condition capable of provoking such impairment over time, can be universally accepted as such (e.g. a cancer or a bone fracture) or perceived as such only by limited groups of individuals in a given cultural context (e.g. hair loss or weight gain). The course of the disease that ones wishes to change can be the one with no intervention or, more frequently, the one observed with the available treatment. The evaluation of the effect of a treatment on the course of a disease is a lengthy process, which progresses in increasingly complex stages. A detailed coverage of the logistic, administrative and legal aspects of clinical research is outside the scope of this book. However, throughout the book we keep reminding the reader of these aspects because, as already mentioned, we firmly believe they have a crucial role in determining the success of a study. Thehistory of clinical research is paved with relics of studies started with great pomp, riding great ideas and great hopes, which drowned miserably because of inadequate logistical preparation. In our experience, the excessive complexity of a clinical trial is the single most frequent cause of failure: the study is perfect on paper, but impossible to implement by patients and staff alike. The distance between the principal investigators and the reality of clinical research in its day-to-day practice is often the main cause of such disasters. We warmly encourage everyone involved in clinical research to get involved in the logistics of a study, learning from colleagues responsible for its practical conduct (clinical research associates, data managers, etc.) and to take part, in person, in the practical implementation of a trial before attempting to design a study protocol. The book ends with a brief description of the drug development process and to the phases of clinical development.

The second edition of this innovative work again provides a unique perspective on the clinical discovery process by providing input from experts within the NIH on the principles and practice of clinical research. Molecular medicine, genomics, and proteomics have opened vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research. As an introductory reference it gives clinical investigators in all fields an awareness of the tools required to ensure research protocols are well designed and comply with the rigorous regulatory requirements necessary to maximize the safety of research subjects. Complete with sections on the history of clinical research and ethics, copious figures and charts, and sample documents it serves as an excellent companion text for any course on clinical research and as a must-have reference for seasoned researchers.

In How to do a Research Project, Colin Robson has created an essential tool for students. Written specifically to address the needs and concerns of the undergraduate, this tightly focused volume guides students through the process of conducting and completing a research project and is relevant to all disciplines that require the use of social research methods.Friendly and accessible, this text includes a number of accompanying support materials to aid students further. Closely integrated sets of end-of-chapter tasks covering all aspects of research projects from design to completion, as well as lists of suggested further reading, enhance each chapter. Additionally, an extensive associated website at www.blackwellpublishing.com/researchproject gives students access to a wide range of helpful materials relevant to their particular needs, making this book an invaluable resource.